Renal Physiology: Nephron, GFR, Transport and Hormones

The kidney taught from structure to function, the physiological ground usually laid before renal pharmacology: gross anatomy and the kidneys' roles in fluid, electrolyte, acid-base and blood pressure control, excretion of metabolic waste, and secretion of erythropoietin, active vitamin D and renin; the nephron and collecting duct, renal corpuscle, blood supply and vasa recta; what makes an ideal marker for measuring GFR with inulin and creatinine worked through; transcellular and paracellular movement, primary and secondary active transport, co-transporters and counter-transporters; handling of sodium, chloride, glucose, bicarbonate and creatinine; and hormonal control of water and sodium balance by antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.