EBM 501: Biomedical Instrumentation II First Semester Examination

First semester paper for the biomedical engineering degree, sat on Monday the twenty-seventh of January from eight to ten. Five questions, the first compulsory at thirty marks and any two others at twenty each. Question one works the electrical analogy of the human cell with diagrams, names the three important intensive care units and their focus areas, describes the sensitivity of electroencephalograph instruments and the operation of a conventional spirometer, and separates the three groups into which blood measurement falls, showing how measurement is done in each. The other questions describe the three modes commonly employed in routine laboratory electroencephalograph recording, list the physiological functions monitored during intensive care with the instruments and the scientific principles each rests on, discuss the construction and operation of an electrocardiograph machine, name the three major instruments used in ophthalmology and describe their operation, draw and explain the series of waves observed in the electrocardiogram in each cardiac cycle, outline the criteria applied in the design of input electrodes, define the audiometer and its operation, demonstrate lung volumes and capacities, and determine a patient's total lung capacity from breathing a mixture from a two-litre reservoir containing ten per cent inert gas which equilibrates with the lungs at two point seven per cent.