Congenital Heart Disease: Malpositions, Left-to-Right and Right-to-Left Shunts and the Obstructive Lesions

A cardiology overview that classifies congenital heart disease into malpositions such as dextrocardia with situs inversus, shunts and obstructions, with the faulty embryogenesis in the third to eighth weeks of intrauterine life and the maternal rubella, drugs and alcohol behind them. The left-to-right acyanotic shunts are given with their haemodynamics and the risk of cardiac failure, then ventricular and atrial septal defects with the secundum, ostium primum and sinus venosus types and the patent ductus arteriosus. The right-to-left cyanotic group covers tetralogy of Fallot in its cyanotic and pink forms, transposition of the great arteries and persistent truncus arteriosus, and the closing section is the obstructive lesions: preductal and postductal coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis and atresia, and pulmonary stenosis and atresia.