Diabetes Mellitus in Children: Diagnosis Thresholds, Ketoacidosis Criteria and Long-Term Complications

A paediatric diabetes lecture from the Department of Paediatrics in Duhok with Tayside references, externally authored and not a KMTC lecture. Diabetes is diagnosed on symptoms with a random blood glucose of 11.1 mmol/L or more, or a fasting level above 7 mmol/L, and ketoacidosis is given with its biochemical criteria and its habit of appearing at diagnosis or when insulin is omitted or insufficient during an acute illness. The clinic-visit complications are juvenile cataracts, necrobiosis lipoidica and Addison's disease, with the note that routine screening of blood lipids and neurological function is not recommended for children and young people with type 1 diabetes.