EBM 511: Biomedical Instrumentation III Second Semester Examination

Second semester paper for the biomedical engineering degree, sat on Monday the first of February 2021 from eleven to one, question one compulsory and any one of the four optional questions. The compulsory question defines pacemakers with examples, lists their types and explains their operation; delineates with a diagram the basic functional components of a direct current defibrillator and explains its operation; explains diagnostic radiology and its applications with three practical examples in use today; discusses the use of radioisotopes in medical diagnosis with two examples; discusses the application of ultrasonic waves in medical diagnosis; explains the principle of surgical diathermy with two common electro-surgery techniques and their applications; discusses kidney function and its replication in haemodialysis machines; and explains the function of the lithotripter machine and its applications with a diagram. The optional questions take nuclear magnetic resonance tomography - its principles, image reconstruction, modern applications and the patient safety concerns; laser applications in the biomedical field with their principle of operation, types and patient safety during operation, against the application of ultrasonic waves in diagnosis and their advantages over other techniques; three pain relief methods achieved through electrical stimulation, the role of dialyzers in treating kidney disease with three types, their function and performance analysis, and the anaesthesia machine and its key components with a block diagram; and the use of ventilators in the treatment of the novel coronavirus with its key components and method of operation, and the use of radiotherapy equipment in the treatment of cancer with two clear examples.