Amenorrhea: Physiological and Pathological Causes

picture_as_pdf Diphtheria: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Complications, Diagnosis and Treatment A lesson on Corynebacterium diphtheriae - its four biotypes, growth on selective media, spread by airborne droplets and by direct contact with respiratory secretions or skin exudates, and the socio-economic and hygiene factors that affect spread. It takes the pathogenesis of the toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains and the grey-brown pseudomembrane that can suffocate, the clinical features and differential diagnosis, cutaneous diphtheria, the toxic cardiomyopathy and neuropathy, diagnosis, treatment with passive immunisation by antiserum antitoxin, bed rest and isolation, and the prognosis. PDF KES 40.00 picture_as_pdf Surgery I End of Semester Examination - Year 2 Clinical Medicine An end of semester examination paper for Year 2 Diploma in Clinical Medicine and Surgery, covering short and long answer questions on surgical procedures and management. PDF KES 40.00 picture_as_pdf Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: CIN Grading, Dysplasia and HPV Detection Lecture on the premalignant stage of cervical cancer, grading CIN 1 to CIN 3 against mild, moderate and severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, then the HPV detection methods including Hybrid Capture II and the high-risk viral types. By Professor Aboubakr Elnashar, Benha University, Egypt. Scanned slides with no selectable text; externally authored, not a KMTC lecture. PDF KES 40.00 picture_as_pdf Dialysis: Definition, Indications, and Types This document defines dialysis, outlining its indications for acute and chronic kidney conditions, and detailing hemodialysis as a primary treatment method. PDF KES 40.00 picture_as_pdf Fluid and Electrolyte Management: Dehydration Types, the Phases of Fluid Replacement and Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Balance Fluid and electrolyte therapy notes that set the four aims - expanding the extracellular volume and restoring tissue perfusion, replenishing deficits while correcting the acid-base disturbance, meeting nutritional needs and replacing ongoing losses - against the normal plasma values and the daily water intake and output. Water imbalance is divided into hypernatraemic, normonatraemic and hyponatraemic dehydration and into water intoxication, with the phases of replacement from resuscitation through repletion to early recovery, and the assessment by history, examination and laboratory. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium imbalance then follow in their hypervolaemic, hypovolaemic and normovolaemic patterns with the management of each. PDF KES 40.00