Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot): Pathology, Talocalcaneal Angles, Ponseti Correction and Operative Treatment

Surgery II deck on clubfoot: the structural and postural causes, the deformity of inversion, forefoot adduction at the midtarsal joint, heel varus at the subtalar joint, ankle equinus, midfoot cavus and internal tibial torsion with its bony changes, and the talocalcaneal angles on the AP and dorsiflexion lateral films with their normal ranges. Treatment is taken from physiotherapy, strapping and serial plaster through the Ponseti technique with percutaneous tendoachilles lengthening, the sequence of correction and the Dennis Brown splint worn day and night for three months and at night for a year, to posteromedial release under a year, tendon transfer over a year, capsulotomies and osteotomies for the rigid forefoot and triple arthrodesis after ten years.